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File:Mouvement des planètes au cours du temps.png

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Descrision
English: Planetary Movements, depicted as Cyclic Lines on a Spacial-Temporal Grid. In De cursu zodiacum (by Pliny?), given as an appendix to a copy of Macrobius' Commentary on Cicero's Somnium Scipionis (CLM 14436, a convolute of four mss. of the late 10th and early 11th century for use in monastery schools; substantial portions are written by one Hartwic)

This is the earliest known 2-dimensional charts (plotting time vs. celestial latitude; an apparent anomaly is that it appears to show the celestial latitude of the sun varying with time); the scribe used horizontal and vertical lines as aids, resulting in a picture strikingly similar to modern graph paper as it did not become commonly used before the mid 19th century, some 700 years later. This picture is a notable anomaly, as the earliest comparable "graph" diagram do not emerge prior to the late medieval period, some 250 years after this drawing was made. The graph was first described by Günther (1877).

Literature

  • S. Günther, "Die Anfänge und Entwickelungsstadien des Coordinatenprincipes", Abhandlungen der naturhistorischen Gesellschaft zu Nürnberg VI (1877) p. 19
  • H. G. Funkhouser, "A note on a tenth century graph", Osiris 1 (1936), 260-262.
  • James R. Beniger and Dorothy L. Robyn (1978). "Quantitative graphics in statistics: A brief history", The American Statistician 32 (1978), 1–11.
Nederlands: Het oudst bekende voorbeeld van een grafiek, met op de horizontale as de tijd, komt uit een manuscript uit de tiende of elfde eeuw dat aan het einde van de vorige eeuw werd teruggevonden. Het is een soort diagram dat de bewegingen van de planeten (Venus, Mercurius, etc.) aangeeft t.o.v. de Dierenriem (zie Funkhouser 1936). Om het tekenen te vergemakkelijken heeft de tekenaar de horizontale as in 30 en de verticale as in 12 stukjes verdeeld, waardoor een soort ruitjespapier is ontstaan. Het zou nog tot ongeveer 1850 duren voordat het gebruik van grafiekenpapier min of meer gemeengoed werd.
Français : Description du mouvement des planètes au cours du temps, publié au Xème siècle par Macrobius dans son ouvrage Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis
Data X sec. o XI sec.
Provenjiensa

Commentarii in Somnium Scipionis, A.T. Macrobius. CLM 14436 fol. 61r, reproduced in [https://www.jstor.org/stable/301609

Funkhouser (1936)], immediate source here (fisme.science.uu.nl)
Autore AnonimoUnknown author
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